1. Introduction
2. Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere
2.1 Composition
of the Atmosphere
2.2 Structure of
the Atmosphere
3. The Changing Atmosphere
3.1 Changing
Concentration of Atmospheric Gases
3.2 Climate
Change
3.2.1 Global Warming
and the Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
3.3 Atmospheric
Pollution
3.3.1 Photochemical
Smog
3.3.1.1 Development of Photochemical Smog
3.3.1.2 Chemistry
of Photochemical Smog
3.3.1.3 Photochemical Smog and the Okanagan Valley
3.3.2 Stratospheric
Ozone Depletion
3.3.3 Acid
Deposition
3.3.3.1 Acid
Deposition Formation
3.3.3.2 Effects
of Acid Deposition
3.3.3.3 Acid
Deposition in Canada and British Columbia
3.3.3.4 Solution
2. Biodiversity
Issues (Michael Pidwirny, Tracy Gow, Jillian Cornock, Jennifer Danzinger,
Shaun Davies and Shannon McCallum)
1. Introduction
2. Species Resources and
Biodiversity
3. Benefits of
Biodiversity
3.1 Economic
Importance
3.2 Ecological and
Scientific Importance
3.3 Ethical and
Spiritual Importance
4. Causes of Biodiversity
Reduction
4.1 Habitat
Loss
4.2 Species
Introductions
4.3 Pollution and
Climatic Change
4.4 Hunting and
Poaching
4.5 Pet and Exotic
Plant Trade
4.6 Scientific
Research
4.7 Predator and Pest
Control
5. Biodiversity Issues in
the Thompson-Okanagan
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Reduction in the
Kokanee Fishery
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 Okanagan
Lake Kohanee
5.2.3 Saving the
Kokanee
5.3 Introduction of
Knapweed
5.3.1 Diffuse
Knapweed (species Centaurea diffusa Lam)
5.3.2 Spotted
Knapweed (species Centaurea maculosa Lam)
5.3.3 Origin and
Dispersal Mechanisms
5.3.4 Problems
5.3.5 Control
Methods
5.4 Threatened and
Endangered Species of the Thompson-Okanagan
5.4.1 Mammals
5.4.2 Birds
5.4.3 Reptiles
5.4.4 Amphibians
5.4.5 Plants
5.4.6 Invertebrates
6. Biodiversity Management
Options
6.1 Ex Situ
Management
6.2 In Situ
Management
7. Related
Websites
3. Land-Use Change
(Michael Pidwirny, Tracy Gow and Cindy Thiessen)
1. Introduction
2. Deforestation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Tropical Rain
Forests
2.3 Services Provided by
Tropical Forests
2.4 Temperate
Forests
2.5 Forestry In British
Columbia
2.5.1 Introduction
2.5.2 History of
British Columbia's Forests
2.5.3 Methods of
Deforestation
2.5.4 Old Growth
Forests
2.6 Environmental
Impacts of Deforestation
2.6.1 Biodiversity
2.6.2 Climate
Change
2.6.3 Soil
Degradation
2.6.4 Hydrology
2.6.5 Indigenous
People
3. Agricultural
Land-Use
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Global Food
Resources
3.3 Industrial
Agriculture and the Environment
3.3.1 Erosion and
Soil Degradation
3.3.2 Fertilizer Use
and Abuse
3.3.3 Pesticide Use
and Abuse
3.3.3.1 Introduction
3.3.3.2 Types of
Pesticides
3.3.3 3. Pesticides and the Environment
3.3.3.4 Pesticide Contamination: Water Resources
3.3.3.5 Pesticide Contamination: The
Atmosphere
3.3.3.6 Pesticide Contamination: The Biosphere
3.3.3.7 Pesticide Contamination: Humans
3.3.3.8 Alternatives to Pesticides
3.3.4 Irrigation and
Water Pollution
3.3.5 Energy
Use
3.3.6 Habitat
Destruction and Biodiversity Reduction
3.4 Sustainable
Agriculture
3.5 Agriculture in the
Thompson-Okanagan
4. Urbanization
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Urbanization and the
Environment
4.2.1 Urbanization
and the Atmosphere
4.2.2 Urbanization
and the Hydrosphere
4.2.3 Urbanization
and the Hydrosphere
4.2.4 Urbanization
and the Biosphere
4.3 Urbanization and the
Thompson-Okanagan
4.4 The Sustainable
City
5. Desertification
6. Wetland Destruction
7. Habitat
Preservation
8. Related
Websites
4. Water Resources
(Michael Pidwirny and Tracy Gow)
1. Introduction
1.1 Chemical
and Physical Properties of Water
1.2 Water
Availability and Distribution
2. The Hydrologic
Cycle
3. Water Use and Supply
Issues
4. Increasing Supplies of
Water
5. Water Pollution
6. Canadian Water
Management
6.1 Water Conservation
Techniques
7. Water Resources and the
Okanagan Valley
8. Related
Websites
5. Energy Resource
Issues (Michael Pidwirny and Tracy Gow)
1. Introduction
2. Non-renewable Energy
Resources
2.1 Oil
2.2 Natural
Gas
2.3 Coal
2.4 Nuclear
Fission
3. Renewable Energy
Resources
3.1 Solar
Energy
2.2 Hydroelectric
Power
3.3 Wind Power
3.4 Energy From
Biomass
4. Energy Use and the
Environment
5. Sustainable Energy
Use
6. Related
Websites
6. Sustainable
Options (Michael Pidwirny and Tracy Gow)
1. Introduction
2. Related Websites
