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1 (2)
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Tail Heterocercal (top lobe of tail much larger than bottom)
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Bony scales arranged in rows along lateral and dorsal surfaces
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Acipenseridae: Sturgeon
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2 (3)
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Tail not Heterocercal.
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Scales not bony or absent from body.
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3 (10)
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Adipose fin present.
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4 (5)
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Body without scales.
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Four barbels arranged around mouth.
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Ictaluridae: Catfish
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5 (6)
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Body with scales.
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No barbels arranged around mouth.
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6 (7)
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Dorsal fin long and sail-like. Dorsal fin base length =
or >head length.
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Dorsal fin rays more than 17.
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Scales large, <110 along lateral line.
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Salmonidae, Subfamily Thymallinae: Graylings
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7 (8)
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Dorsal fin not long and sail-like. Dorsal fin base length
=
or <head length.
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Dorsal fin rays less than 17.
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8 (9)
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Teeth on jaws.
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Scales small, >110 along lateral line.
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Salmonidae, Subfamily Salmonindae: Trout, Salmon, and Char
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9 (1)
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No teeth on jaws.
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Scales large, <110 along lateral line.
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Salmonidae, Subfamily Coregonidae: Whitefish
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10 (14)
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Adipose fin absent.
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gill flap (operculum, preoperculum) ends in spine(s).
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11 (12)
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Two completely divided dorsal fins, one with stout spines,
other rayed.
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Two or more sharp spines on leading edge of anal fin.
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Percidae: Perch
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12 (13)
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Two Dorsal fins, first approximately twice as long as second.
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Body without scales (sandpaper, like prickles, may be present).
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Globiform shape (large head with tapering body).
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Eyes mounted on dorsal surface of head.
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Cottidae: Sculpins
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13 (14)
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Single Dorsal fin (spinous and soft rayed portions separated
by a notch).
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Two or more spines on the leading edge of the Anal fin.
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Scales immaculate.
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Centrachidae: Bass and Sunfish
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14 (15)
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Mouth ventral.
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Lips thick and fleshy, covered with papillae.
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Distance from snout to vent >2.5 times distance of vent
to caudal origin.
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Catostomidae: Suckers
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15 (16)
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Mouth terminal or subterminal.
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Distance from snout to vent <2.5 times distance of vent
to caudal fin origin.
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Most with barbel at corner of mouth.
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Cyprinidae: Minnows, Carp, Dace, Chub
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16 (10)
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Two Dorsal fins, second Dorsal and Anal fins long.
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Caudal fin rounded.
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Single chin barbel.
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Pelvic fins placed jugular and reduced.
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Gadidae: Cod
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